Sunday School in Review: Part 4

I taught Isaiah the week before Christmas–and chose to branch off on my own. I still used the “official” worksheet some, but I made my own worksheet for what I really wanted to emphasize: Jesus.

Who is Jesus in Isaiah? I asked.

We learned about the Son of a virgin, of Immanuel which means “God with us”. We learned that He is Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. We read of the shoot from the stump of Jesse, the precious cornerstone. We learned about God’s servant, a man of sorrows who was like a sheep led to the slaughter.

We studied Jesus–and my teaching heart began to sing again.

My first lesson of the new year, we played hangman to start the class.

“Sovereign:” our hangman read. “ruler, one who is in control.”

I handed out clay to each student, and read Jeremiah 1:4-10. We talked about how God had planned in advance what Jeremiah would be and do. We saw that God was sovereign in calling Jeremiah to ministry-and in accomplishing that ministry through Jeremiah.

We went to the potter’s house and saw a potter in complete control of the clay. We saw God as sovereign over nations being built and destroyed–just like the potter was in complete control of the clay.

We looked at the prophecies of Jeremiah and saw them as evidence of God’s sovereignty. They came true not just because God knew the future, but because He controls the future.

We talked about the implications of God’s sovereignty. We talked about how this is terrifying to people who don’t know Jesus and who are disobedient to God. God is in control and they have made themselves His enemy. We talked about how people who trust in Jesus can be comforted by and confident in God’s sovereignty. We talked about how God has already said what He’s making out of believers’ lives–about how He’s making them so they look like Jesus.

We didn’t have a worksheet this week. I knew what I wanted to teach and I wasn’t willing to let any piece of paper from the curriculum dilute the teaching.

It felt good, freeing, to be teaching meat instead of pablum.

To be continued…


Sunday School in Review: Part 3

Ruth was easy–only 4 chapters that week. We went through the story at a leisurely pace, recalling at the beginning how we were still in the time of the judges (with its requisite problems) and pointing forward at the end to the coming King Jesus who would reign forever.

The next week, we tried to eat an elephant in a single bite, packing 1 and 2 Samuel and 1 and 2 Chronicles into an hour and a half.

Race through Eli, race through Samuel. Race through Saul. Race through David. Contrast Saul with David–both sinful but one repentant. Ask whether David was the perfect king. Answer no. We need a better king. God promised one. The king that would come would be from David’s family–and would be the perfect King forever.

Each child colored a different picture. When the race through the books was done, each child showed off their picture and we talked briefly about the story behind it.

No time to do much else.

I had grand plans for our time in 1 and 2 Kings. We were going to play a “Go Fish” style game called “Good King/Bad King” that I’d thought up the night before.

We got too busy talking about the good kings and the bad kings that we didn’t have time to get to the game.

I was getting tired of trying to arrange my own lessons (drawn from my personal study) around the worksheets in the curriculum, so I’d given up on trying to impart something valuable and was now creating my lessons entirely around the worksheet.

It was, nevertheless, exhausting to feel that I wasn’t doing the Scripture justice in reducing it to stories and little factoids.

I tried to make it interesting, at least. For Ezra and Nehemiah, different children had different letters to color, royal decrees from Cyrus or Artaxerxes–and letters to the kings from the people around Jerusalem. Depending on their reading abilities, the children could read their own letter out loud or I would read it for them.

In Esther, I had planned to do the melodrama-style booing and hissing whenever Haman’s name was mentioned–but the kids were squirrelly enough already, I knew that to boo and hiss would take the class out of control. I’d lost my helper a few weeks into the year and maintaining classroom control was always a highly tenuous idea.

I acted out Job as a skit, playing God, the devil, Job, and Job’s four friends in turn, jumping from one end of the room as I switched from being the accuser to being God bragging on Job.

I recited/read chapters 1 and 2 verbatim, and distilled Job and his friends’ monologues into one or two sentences each. Once God started speaking, I expanded again, only lightly abridging the Scriptures.

Once class was over, I discovered that the teachers for the second session were sick and wouldn’t be able to come in. I did my one-woman act a second time, this time to an enormous class of kids who weren’t quite sure what to do with me (apparently, I taught a bit differently from their usual teachers–hah!)

We sang our way through Psalms. I distributed Bingo cards to each student and pulled songs from a hat, playing old Hosanna CDs borrowed from my mother and looking up the verses that went along with each song.

The next week, we did the worksheet on Proverbs and Ecclesiastes, filling in the matching questions as we read selected verses. This took too long for us to get to Song of Solomon.

I was getting thoroughly exhausted by our curriculum.

The Word of God is wonderful, but I didn’t feel like the worksheets were coming close to doing it justice. I was afraid the students were getting absolutely nothing out of the teachings. I was desperate.

I scrapped the curriculum entirely for Isaiah.


Sunday School in Review: Part 2

We picked up the pace in Week 4, going over Numbers and Deuteronomy together. We walked through key stories in Numbers–God’s provision of manna and quail, the 12 spies spying out the promised land, Korah’s rebellion, the waters of Meribah, and the serpent in the wilderness.

In every story, we learned the same truths. The people forgot what God had done in providing them food or protection or leadership. The people complained about the circumstances God had brought them into. The people were punished for their complaining.

In Deuteronomy, we were reminded through Moses’ words to do the opposite. Moses told the people to remember what God had done and said. He told them to be thankful and to obey God. And he promised them that when they remembered and were obedient, God would bless them.

For the first time, I added my own activity sheet to the mix. I still used the “Fuel up” worksheet, but now I had a handout with the words “Thank you, God, for ________________” below a blank box. I instructed the kids to practice thankfulness at once by drawing a picture and filling in the blank with what they were thankful to God for.

The next week, in Joshua, we contrasted the battle of Jericho with the battle of Ai. We marched around our classroom six times silently and another seven times shaking homemade rattles (old pill bottles filled with a variety of noisy beans/bells/rice/pebbles/craft supplies). We tried out darnedest to make even our classroom tables fall down, but we concluded that God’s plan was humanly impossible. Marching around silently and then loudly does not defeat cities–especially not super-strong ones like Jericho.

Yet when the people obeyed, following God’s plan, they succeeded in destroying Jericho.

Contrast this with Ai, where the people are sure that they can win. Ai was in such bad shape that the Israelites wouldn’t even need all their warriors to defeat them. This was easy-peasy.

But Achan was disobedient–and the battle they should have (humanly) won with plenty to spare ended up as a crushing defeat.

We discovered that when we are obedient, God works to do impossible things. We discovered that when we are disobedient, God allows our defeat–even when we’ve got “everything going for us.”

In Judges, we found Numbers all over again, only with a twist.

Joshua died and there was no leader to take his place. Everyone did what they thought was right. They forgot God, they worshiped other gods, they did evil in God’s sight. God delivered them into the hands of their enemies. They cried to the Lord, the Lord raised up a deliverer (a judge). The judge dies and there is no leader to take his place. Everyone does…

The cycle goes on and on and on.

I was still trying to follow the “Fuel up” worksheets, but was getting frustrated with how they emphasized what I felt were tangential details.

“Stick to the point”, I felt like telling the author (who, of course, I have no contact with).

To be continued…


Sunday School in Review: Part 1

The Sunday School year is winding down–and lest I forget what I learned teaching through 66 books in 36 weeks, I’m going to be doing a quick(?!?) review of this year’s Sunday School lessons.

Ignore or enjoy at will.


It took a while for me to find my feet with the Route 66 study I went through with my 2nd and 3rd graders this year.

I started out following along with the curriculum rather closely–and trying to adapt the “small group” method the woman who was going to be my co-teacher had suggested.

The small group method could have been a good one, I think–but not for the group I had (which included both pre-readers and quite good readers) and not for my personal giftings. If we’d have ended up teaching together, it might have been a whole ‘nother story–but she was called to another class that had no teacher and I was on my own with a helper I didn’t yet know. It was a whole different ballgame than we’d originally anticipate.

Now let me make clear–I am a teacher. I love to teach. I love to teach the Word especially.

I understand the importance of activities and interaction and the like, but I am a teacher–and that format wasn’t allowing me to operate in my giftings.

Nevertheless, I tried.

For Genesis, we split into two groups. One read and discussed creation. One read and discussed Abraham. Then we joined together and each group “reported” their story to the other.

I intended to try again with Exodus–but the mood of the classroom made me change my mind mid-course. We ended up discussing Moses’ “escape” from Pharoah’s deadly rule and Israel’s “escape” from slavery together. We focused on how God is the deliverer.

By Leviticus I’d scrapped the small group idea entirely, but was still trying to follow the “Fuel Up” worksheets found in the curriculum. I struggled with this book, because it’s one of my favorite books of the Bible and because I wasn’t sure if I could articulate the book in a way the kids would understand.

On Wednesday before the week I was to teach Leviticus, I wrote on Facebook: “How do you teach Leviticus to 2nd and 3rd graders? Me, I’ll be talking about a God who’s holy, a law that we can’t keep, and a temporary sacrificial system that points the way to a permanent solution.”

That was the plan.

Then I got to actually writing the lesson–and I freaked out. I wrote on Facebook again: “I’m kinda (really) nervous about Sunday School tomorrow. This could be the most theologically important lesson of the entire year–understanding the holiness of God, the inadequacy of works to make us holy, and the substitute Lamb who took our sins and gave us His holiness. Please pray that I would speak clearly and that the children’s hearts would open to hear and understand.”

Many faithful people prayed. God was gracious in providing an illustration. I think it sunk in.

A glass of distilled water represented God’s holiness–His complete separateness from anything dirty or wrong.

We talked about what would happen if we mixed dirty water in with the clean–how the water wouldn’t be holy any more.

We talked about how God is holy, separate from sin. We talked about how only holy people can spend time with God.

A glass of muddy water represented us–unholy, born as sinners and adding sin upon sin to our inheritance.

We talked again of how the dirty water can’t mix with the clean. If we are to spend time with God, we must be holy. We talked about what happens when unholy things go into the presence of God–how God’s anger burns against them and destroys them.

But how can we be made holy, we asked. We looked at some of the rules in Leviticus that describe what holiness, separateness looks like. We talked about how no one could follow those rules. We talked about how even following those rules couldn’t make us holy.

We poured our muddy water through a panty-hose filter–and ended up with still-dirty water.

We talked about how God knew from the beginning that the rules He gave the people wouldn’t make them holy. That’s why He set up the system of sacrifices.

We read how God had the people confess their sins over an animal’s head, transferring their sins to the animal and the animal’s cleanness to the people. We traded in our glass of dirty water for a clean glass.

We questioned whether the sacrificed animal could actually get rid of man’s sins.

We likened the sacrifices to a movie trailer, giving us a sneak preview of the show that would be coming up–where Jesus would take our sins, bearing their punishment, and give us His righteousness.

At last, humans born unholy could spend time with a Holy God.

That lesson was pure grace, the children who had been so unruly those first two weeks listening intently as we grappled with works righteousness and substitutionary atonement.

I was completely in awe.

Review to continue…


Run and Hide

I was too tired to sleep that night, staring blankly at the pillow in front of my face. The words wafted into my consciousness, “Fear God.” I pondered the words, so unexpected, so strange. Fear. My mind played with synonyms, connected words. Fear. Fright. Terror. Words that imply running and hiding.

Running and hiding? What does that have to do with fearing God? I almost dismissed the thought. But my mind would not let the topic die.

How often do we run to the least safe place? In a thunderstorm, I take shelter under a tree. In a tornado, the culvert looks safe. In terror of God, I run to hide among self-righteous rags.

But that is exactly where I should not go. There is where the full brunt of His anger falls. There is where I will never be safe.

No, the fear of God demands that I run and hide–but not just anywhere.

Fear of God drives me to run to Christ, to take refuge in Him.

It is there, enveloped by the all-powerful, righteous, and angry God, that I am safe.

Because the awful God is the only One who can save me from Himself.

I run to Him and He spreads Himself over me like a garment, absorbing the full brunt of His terrible anger.

When I am hiding in Him, His wrath finds only Himself. When I am hiding in Him, His favor is all that remains. I am forever in the eye of the storm, the Terrible God surrounding me, protecting me from Himself.

I face life’s stresses, little troubles and big. Fear God, the little voice whispers. Run and Hide, I whisper back. I must make the choice to run to Him, to hide myself in Him. He absorbs my trials.

Temptation to think, to say, to do, to be what I ought not think, say, do, or be. I want to give in to bitterness, to selfishness, to pride, to self-indulgence. Fear God, the little voice whispers. I whisper back, Run and Hide. I must run to the One who endured every temptation. I must hide myself in Him. He bears my desires.

And then I fall and deep despair fills my every thought. Why do I do this again and again? Why do I continue to sin? Why don’t I do what I know is right? Terror grips me and I want to run away, to hide.

Where shall I go? Will I hide in my work? Surely there’s enough of that to keep me hidden for months. Will I hide in my home? There’s enough cleaning to do I won’t be found for an age. Will I hide in a book? I have plenty of those, and the library has more.

Fear God, the little voice says.

And I will respond.

In fear, I will run and hide.

I will run to my terror, I will weep at His feet. “Spread Your wings over me,” I will cry in distress. And He will lift His garment, He will give me refuge in His wings. I will be safe when I hide in my Fear.


The Cup of Rejoicing

Jesus sang a hymn before ending his Last Seder on this earth, but He stopped short of consuming the fourth cup.

Why?

I addressed this briefly in my previous post, but I believe the reason was that Jesus had reached the end of the “now” section of the Seder–and the fourth cup was the “not yet.”

The first three of the four “I will” statements of Exodus 6:6-7 were fulfilled in Christ’s death. “I will bring you out”–sanctification for those who are in Christ. “I will rescue you”–deliverance from the power of sin and death. “I will redeem you”–redemption through the blood of Christ. Jesus died, was buried, and rose from the dead to accomplish those three things. In Christ’s death and resurrection, they were done, finished.

The fourth statement, though, still waits for its consummation.

“I will take you as my people.” This is the cup of rejoicing. This will not be fully seen until the church stands before Christ, spotless as a bride prepared for her Bridegroom (Revelation 21:2).

On that day, in Paradise, Jesus will celebrate his final Seder. He will take his bride to Himself as His own, and together they shall drink the cup of rejoicing.

“I will not drink again of this fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father’s kingdom.” (Matthew 26:29)

The fourth promise of Exodus 6:6-7 and Jesus’ words in Matthew 26:29 parallel Revelation 21:

“I will take you as My people, and I will be your God” in Exodus 6 parallels Revelation 21:3, “He will dwell with them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them as their God.”

Jesus’ words “when I drink it new with you in my Father’s kingdom” (Matthew 26:29) parallel Revelation 21:5, “Behold, I am making all things new.”

This is why in my Haggadah, I introduce the fourth cup with these words:

“This is the fourth and final cup—the cup of rejoicing. Exodus 6:6-7 says ‘And I shall take you to Me for a people.’ Jesus did not drink this glass. In fact, He proclaimed that He would not drink it until ‘that day when [He] drink[s] it new with [us] in [His] Father’s kingdom.’ Jesus reserved the cup of rejoicing for that day when the consummation of that promise will occur. ‘I shall take you to Me.’ Soon, that day shall come, the wedding feast of the Lamb, when the bride shall be united with her Bridegroom. As John testified, ‘And I heard a loud voice from heaven saying, “Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people. God himself will be with them and be their God. And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes; there shall be no more death, nor sorrow, nor crying. There shall be no more pain, for the former things have passed away.”‘ And on that day, we shall drink of the cup of rejoicing.”

This is why I have the blessing over the fourth cup read:

“Blessed are You, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who creates the fruit of the vine. Blessed are You, O Lord our God, who has betrothed us to Yourself. Blessed are You, O Lord our God, in whom we rejoice.”

And this is why I close my Seder with two familiar refrains, one from the very last pages of Scripture; the other from the last words of the traditional Haggadah:

“And so we end the Passover Seder.
We have completed it with all its customs and laws
We have been privileged to celebrate this year
And with the Spirit and the Bride to declare
‘Come quickly, Lord Jesus’
God most gracious, holy, pure
Restore your people that speedily we might return
Redeemed, to Zion, with joy.
Next year in Jerusalem!


This is the final part in a four-part series on the four cups of the Seder. Thanks for joining me as I share one of my great passions–Christ as displayed through the Haggadah.


Did Jesus drink wine after the third cup?

It’s understandable, I guess, that Christian Haggadot under-appreciate the fourth cup. After all, Jesus and His disciples didn’t partake of the fourth cup during the Last Supper. Instead, Jesus broke the bread (the afikomen), drank the third cup, and then declared “I will not drink again of this fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father’s kingdom.” (Matthew 26:29)

If the fourth cup wasn’t necessary for Jesus and His disciples, why should we bother with it?

This is where I think the majority of Christian Haggadot miss out.

When Jesus said that he wouldn’t drink again of this fruit of the vine, was he saying that he wouldn’t drink grape juice or wine again until heaven? I think many would answer yes.

This interpretation of Jesus’ words results in some confusion when, only a chapter later, Jesus is given a sponge filled with sour wine to drink (Matthew 27:48). Note that this is NOT the wine mixed with gall that Jesus refused to drink a few verses earlier in Matthew 27:34. This time, Matthew makes no mention of whether or not Jesus drank the proffered wine. But John’s language in his account of the same incident suggests that Jesus did consume the sour wine: “When Jesus had received the sour wine, he said, ‘It is finished.'” (John 19:30)

So, if Jesus’ statement was NOT saying that he would not consume any more liquid derived from grapes until paradise, in what way did Jesus mean his statement “I will not drink again of this fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father’s kingdom”?

I believe that Jesus was referring specifically to the Four Cups of the Seder–and that he was announcing that this was not his ultimate (last) Seder, but his penultimate (next-to-last) Seder. Jesus stopped with the third cup, the cup whose symbolism He would fulfill the very next day. He announced the meaning of the cup of redemption and stopped there, for his disciples to meditate on its meaning as they watched the events of the next few days unfold.

The fourth cup, the cup of rejoicing, Jesus saved for later–for the final feast, where the final promise of Exodus 6:6-7 would be fulfilled:

“I will take you as My people, and I will be your God.”


This is the third part in a four-part series on the four cups of the Seder. Stay tuned for the rest of the posts, which will be rolling out over the next couple of weeks.


What parts of the Haggadah did Jesus celebrate?

The formalized written Haggadah, codified sometime around AD 200-400, has 14 parts (and one pre-part).

I have listed them below, along with a brief description of Scriptural justification for the probable inclusion of that part in the Passover celebration at the time of Christ.

  1. Removal of the Chametz-removal of leaven was mandated by Old Testament law
  2. Kadesh
  3. Urchatz-handwashing at all meals was Rabbinic tradition by the time of Christ (as evidenced by the arguments the Pharisees had with Jesus over handwashing)
  4. Karpas-bitter herbs are found in the account of the first Passover
  5. Yachatz
  6. Maggid-the retelling of the story of the Exodus was commanded in Old Testament law
  7. Rachtzah-a second, more ritualized handwashing by the time of Christ is probable considering the high value the Pharisees placed on ritual purity (although Jesus clearly disagreed with the Pharisees regarding this practice)
  8. Motzi Matzah-that Jesus blessed the meal and the matzah is highly likely considering that Jesus is noted to bless food all throughout his ministry (I’m not positive, but I think he blesses the food prior to every occasion of his eating or distributing food)
  9. Maror-the bitter herbs of the first Passover were consumed and continued to be consumed in Passovers throughout the Old Testament
  10. Korech-the description of the Last Supper indicates that Jesus and his disciples dipped bread at their Passover celebration
  11. Shulchan Orech-the Passover lamb was consumed at the Passover meal from the first Passover onward
  12. Tzafun-Jesus blessed, broke, and distributed a piece of bread during or at the end of the meal, declaring it to be his body (this is apparently distinct from the bread that was dipped-as in “he who dips his bread with mine is the one who will betray me”)
  13. Barech-the cup after supper is one of the most definitive segments in Jesus’ last supper. Luke and Paul make a special point of noting that the cup Jesus pronounced to be the new covenant in his blood was the cup after supper (as opposed to before or during).
  14. Hallel-Jesus and his disciples are noted to have sung a hymn prior to concluding their Passover
  15. Nirtzah

There are three parts of the Haggadah that do not have at least implicit Scriptural support for their inclusion in the Passover at the time of Christ. They are Kaddesh (the blessing that opens the Seder and the first cup), Yachetz (the display of the three pieces of Matzo and the breaking of the center Matzo into two unequal pieces, one of which is hidden), and Nirtzah (the closing proclamation, which, among other things, declares “Next Year in Jerusalem!”)

I am willing to think that the Nirtzah (at least as we know it today) would not have been performed during Jesus’ Seder, if only because He and His disciples were already present in Jerusalem. They may, however, have still proclaimed that they “have fulfilled the Passover with all its customs and laws”. Scripture simply doesn’t say one way or the other.

I am inclined to think that the Kaddesh (and the consumption of three of the four cups) was performed at Jesus’ Seder because the tradition of four cups has a strong Scriptural justification and because of the emphasis that Luke and Paul place on the “cup after supper” being the one that Jesus called the New Covenant in His blood. This, I believe, supports the idea that, even at the time of Christ, there was a progression of cups, each with different meaning.

I am inclined to think that the Yachetz (the display of the three pieces of Matzo and the breaking of the center Matzo into two unequal pieces, one of which is hidden) was part of Jewish ritual at the time of Christ for the exact opposite reason as the reason I believe the four cups were already a part of Jewish ritual. Yachetz has no solid Old Testament underpinning, and rabbis since the formalization of the Haggadah ~ AD 200-400 have been debating why this ritual is included in the Seder. Every Haggadah tries to find a meaning in it, but none can find a satisfactory one. Except for the Christian Haggadah, that is. I find it hard to believe that the rabbis would invent something (after the time of Christ) that they are completely at a loss to explain, and that Christian theology can explain much better than they.


Is this how Christ celebrated the Passover?

Last week, when I posted the second part in my series on the Four Cups of the Haggadah, Barbara commented:

I had wondered how they got to four cups when that wasn’t mentioned in Exodus at the Passover and whether that was Jewish tradition that was added later. I also wondered if the four cups would have been used in Christ’s day.

I thought I would address this further since the codification of the Haggadah as we know it today has only recently been a topic that I’ve looked into much. Initially, like many Haggadah enthusiasts, I was fond of thinking “If the symbolism fits, wear it.”

Then I started critiquing Haggadah in order to write my own–which made me question some of the conclusions of the Messianic Haggadah I was reading. For instance, I’ve seen Messianic Haggadah that impart ritual meaning to the roasted egg that is traditionally placed on the Haggadah platter. This struck me as odd since this particular ritual was clearly initiated after the time of Christ because it did not begin until after the destruction of the temple in AD 70.

This made me particularly conscious of making sure that I had Scriptural support for how I interpreted the symbols of the Haggadah.

Nevertheless, I still worked at my Haggadah for years before I bothered to check out some of the critical scholarship on the origins of the Haggadah.

What I found disappointed me temporarily.

Apparently, the best scholarship says that the Haggadah as we know it today was written around AD 200-400.

Yes, that would be after the time of Christ.

My heart was broken. All this work, wasted. All this beautiful symbolism ultimately worthless.

And then I realized that the written Haggadah isn’t the be-all-end-all for the Seder. Just because the Haggadah (literally the “telling”) wasn’t written down until AD 200-400 doesn’t mean that the form (the symbols and traditions) of the Haggadah wasn’t in place before then.

In fact, I have good reason to believe that many of the symbols and traditions of the Haggadah were in place at the time of Christ.


And…thanks to my explanation getting close to 1000 words, my “side note” post has been split into a “side note” series–further emphasizing, perhaps, how very excited I get about the Passover.


Deepening my understanding of the four cups

For all of my Haggadot reading and reading about the Haggadah, it wasn’t until I was reading a children’s book, Wonders and Miracles: A Passover Companion written and compiled by Eric A. Kimmel, that I began to see the deep significance of the four cups.

Kimmel wrote:

Why do we drink four cups of wine? Why not three or seven?

The traditional explanation is that we drink four cups to celebrate God’s promise of freedom. God told Moses to say to the Children of Israel, ‘I am God, and I will free you from the bondage of Egypt; I will deliver you from your servitude; I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great judgments. I will take you to be my people and I will be your God. And you will know that I am the Lord God who rescued you from the bondage of Egypt.’ (Exodus 6:6-7)

…There are four parts to God’s promise to free the Israelites from slavery. In honor of that promise, every Jewish person, no matter how poor, is required to drink four cups of wine at the Seder.

Finally, I understood the names.

Each cup represents one of God’s “I will” claims in this passage. The cup of sanctification: “I will bring you out.” The cup of deliverance: “I will rescue you from their bondage.” The cup of redemption: “I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great judgments.” The cup of rejoicing: “I will take you as My people, and I will be your God.”

This first cup is the cup of sanctification. God said to the Israelites: “I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians.” To sanctify is to bring out, to set apart. In bringing Israel out of the land of Egypt, God set them apart as His own chosen people. Likewise, we who have been brought out of bondage to sin have been set apart as the chosen of God.

The second cup reminds us of the second promise in Exodus 6:6-7 is “I will rescue you from their bondage.” This second cup is the cup of deliverance. In Christ, the bondage of sin has been broken.

The third promise of God in Exodus 6:6-7 is “I will redeem you.” The corresponding cup is the cup of redemption. It is this cup that Christ took up after supper, declaring it to be His own blood, shed for us, for the remission of sins. Paul reminds us that “in the same manner, He also took the cup after supper, saying ‘This cup is the new covenant in My blood. This do, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of Me.’ For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death till He comes.”

The third cup was the one most emphasized in my childhood Seder. It is the one we drink over and over again every time we come to the Lord’s table. It is the cup of redemption-the cup that indicates the price has been paid, redemption accomplished. We receive Christ’s blood (metaphorically), taking it into ourselves, recognizing the price paid for our redemption.

Here ends the symbolism of the four cups.

Right?

The Christian Haggadot I’ve read and used act as though the symbolism is complete with these three cups.

I disagree, as you shall see.


This is the second part in a four-part series on the four cups of the Seder. Stay tuned for the rest of the posts, which I’ll be rolling out next week.